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61.
CO2 uptake and transport in leaf mesophyll cells 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
Abstract The acquisition of inorganic carbon for photosynthetic assimilation by leaf mesophyll cells and chloroplasts is discussed with particular reference to membrane permeation of CO2 and HCO?3. Experimental evidence indicates that at the apoplast pH normally experienced by leaf mesophyll cells (pH 6–7) CO2 is the principal species of inorganic carbon taken up. Uptake of HCO?3 may also occur under certain circumstances (i.e. pH 8.5), but its contribution to the net flux of inorganic carbon is small and HCO?3 uptake does not function as a CO2-concentrating mechanism. Similarly, CO2 rather than HCO?3 appears to be the species of inorganic carbon which permeates the chloroplast envelope. In contrast to many C3 aquatic plants and C4 plants, C3 terrestrial plants lack specialized mechanisms for the acquisition and transport of inorganic carbon from the intercellular environment to the site of photosynthetic carboxylation, but rely upon the diffusive uptake of CO2. 相似文献
62.
Managing wild crops of Gracilaria in central Chile 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
63.
Operation of the glycolate pathway in isolated bundle sheath (BS) strands of two C4 species was demonstrated from 14C incorporation into two intermediates, glycine and serine, under conditions favourable for photorespiratory activity. Isolated BS strands fixing 14CO2 under light at physiological rates incorporate respectively 3% (Zea mays L., cv. INRA 258) and 7% (Panicum maximum Jacq.) of total 14C fixed into glycine + serine, at low bicarbonate levels (less than the Km for CO2 fixation, 0.8 mM). Higher bicarbonate concentrations depressed the percentage of incorporation into the two amino acids. No labelling was observed in the absence of added glutamate. Oxygen was required for glycine + serine labelling, since 14C incorporation into glycine was largely depressed by argon flushing, and labelling of the two amino acids was nearly suppressed by the addition of the strong reductant, dithionite, especially in maize. Two inhibitors of the glycolate pathway were tested. With α-hydroxypyridine-methanesulfonic acid, an inhibitor of glycolate oxidase, labelling of glycine and serine remained minimal whereas glycolate was accumulated. Isoniazid, an inhibitor of the transformation of glycine to serine induced a 50% increased labelling of glycine in maize BS, and a large decrease in serine labelling. In Panicum, the increase in [14C]-glycine was 90%. These results suggest that the pathway glycolate → glycine → serine operates in these plants. However, leakage of metabolites occurs in BS cells, especially in maize and a large part of newly formed glycolate, glycine and serine is exported out of the cells. Operation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase activity in competition with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase is demonstrated by the lowering of total 14CO2 fixation when O2 is increased at low bicarbonate concentration. An interesting feature observed in maize BS, at low bicarbonate concentration, was an increase in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate labelling when the O2 level was decreased. This was accompanied by an increase in CO2 fixation. This could indicate an increased rate in synthesis of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (which accumulated) due to a stimulation of ATP synthesis by cyclic photophosphorylation under anaerobic conditions. 相似文献
64.
培养抗性植物的细胞/组织培养途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
抗性育种在作物品种改良中已日益显得重要。近10多年来,随着细胞/组织培养、遗传操作等生物技术的迅速发展,以及由于植物具有全能性,在人工培养条件下,从单细胞原生质体可以再生成一个完整的个体成功以来,人们试图利用细胞/组织培养等生物技术将野生种的抗性基因引入到作物中来,或是人工诱发抗性变异,从而筛选出抗性愈 相似文献
65.
Summary A major portion of the genomes of three millet species, namely, barn yard millet, fox tail millet and little millet has been shown to consist of interspersed repeat and single copy DNA sequences. The interspersed repetitive DNA sequences are both short (0.15–1.0 kilo base pairs, 62–64% and long (>1.5 kilo base pairs, 36–38%) in barn yard millet and little millet while in fox tail millet, only long interspersed repeats (>1.5 kilo base pairs) are present. The length of the interspersed single copy DNA sequences varies in the range of 1.6–2.6 kilo base pairs in all the three species. The repetitive duplexes isolated after renaturation of 1.5 kilo base pairs and 20 kilo base pairs long DNA fragments exhibit a high thermal stability with Tms either equal to or greater than the corresponding native DNAs. The S1 nuclease resistant repetitive DNA duplexes also are thermally stable and reveal the presence of only 1–2% sequence divergence.The present data on the modes of sequence arrangement in millets substantiates the proposed trend in plants, namely, plants with 1C nuclear DNA content of less than 5 picograms have diverse patterns of sequence organization while those with 1C nuclear DNA content greater than 5 picograms have predominantly a short period interspersion pattern.Abbreviations kbp
kilobase pairs
NCL Communication No. 3606. 相似文献
66.
七种云南地衣植物的化学成分 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
本文报道分属于三个科的七种云南产地衣植物的化学成分。这些植物是亚洲树发(Alectoria asiatica DR.)、沟树发(Alectoria sulcata Nyl.)、长茎松萝(Usnea longissimaAch.)、胡子松萝(Usnea comosa(Ach.)Rohl.)、林石蕊(Cladonia arbuscula(Rabh.)Rabh.)、砖孢发(Oropogon loxensis(Fee.)Th.Fr.)和卷梢雪花衣(Anaptychiaboryi(Fee.)Mass.)。根据光谱数据测定,其化学成分为:松萝酸(Usnic acid)(1),维任西酸(Virensic acid)(2),赤星衣酸乙酯(Ethyl haematommate)(3),瑞藏酸(Rhizonic acid)(4),赤星衣酸(Haematommic acid)(5),扁枝衣酸乙酯(Ethyleverninate)(6),黑茶渍素(Atranorin)(7)和泽屋萜(Zeorin)(8)。上述资料,对开发利用这些植物资源提供了科学依据。 相似文献
67.
Five species including two new species,Araucarioxylon kiiense Ogura,Taxodioxylon albertense (Penhal.) Shimakura,Cupressinoxylon cryptomerioides Stopes,Xenoxylon watarianum sp. nov. andCedroxylon shimakurae sp. nov., were described from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Turonian-Santonian) of southern Saghalien.
Consecutive number from the previous paper (Nishida and Nishida, 1985).
Contributions from the Laboratory of Phylogenetic Botany, Chiba University No. 100. Supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture No. 59540441. 相似文献
68.
A late Wenlock flora from Co. Tipperary, Ireland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D. EDWARDS F.L.S. J. FEEHAN D. G. SMITH 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1983,86(1-2):19-36
An assemblage of macroplants preserved as highly coalified compressions which lack anatomy is described from a Wenlock locality in County Tipperary, Ireland. Most of the fertile specimens are assigned to Cooksonia Lang. The taxonomic status of this genus is discussed. Some poorly preserved palynomorphs, including miospores, acritarchs, chitinozoans and a variety of tubes, have been isolated from associated sediments, but the age of the flora is based on graptolites. Sedimentological and palaeontological studies of the region are summarized. They provide little direct evidence for the habitats of the plants which are considered to have been terrestrial. The relevance of this flora to the current debate on the colonization of the land is evaluated and it is concluded that these plants provide the earliest record of erect fertile land plants of possible pteridophyte affinity. 相似文献
69.
Mineral uptake by winter wheat (Trilicum aestivum L. cv. Martonvasari 8) was studied throughout the life cycle. Accumulation of macronutrients (i.e. total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium) and the water content of roots and shoots of plants grown in complete nutrient solution were higher than those of plants grown in two types of soils. The supply of macronutrients was in some cases limiting for soil-grown plants as revealed by a comparison of available and accumulated amounts of these nutrients. Their supply was abundant, however, for solution-grown plants. This led to a doubling of grain yield for the latter plants with a three fold increase in accumulation of dry matter and a five-fold increase in fresh weight. The efficiency ratios of solution-grown plants to soil-grown plants were approximately 1 for N and Na, 0.5 for Mg and Ca, and 0.3 for P and K. 相似文献
70.
Peter J. Holloway 《Phytochemistry》1983,22(2):495-502
The monomeric composition of the suberins from 16 species of higher plants was determined by chromatographic methods following depolymerization of the isolated extractive-free cork layers with sodium methoxide-methanol. 1-Alkanols (mainly C18C28), alkanoic (mainly C16C30), α,ω-alkanedioic (mainly C16C24), ω-hydroxyalkanoic (mainly C16C21), dihydroxyhexadecanoic (mainly 10,16-dihydroxy- and 16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic), monohydroxyepoxyalkanoic (9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic), trihydroxyalkanoic (9,10, 18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic), epoxyalkanedioic (9,10-epoxyoctadecane-1,18-dioic) and dihydroxyalkanedioic (9,10-dihydroxyoctadecane-1 18-dioic) acids were detected in all species. The suberins differed from one another mainly in the relative proportions of these monomer classes and in the homologue content of their 1-alkanol, alkanoic, α,ω-alkanedioic and ω-hydroxyalkanoic acid fractions. C18 epoxy and vic-diol monomers were major components (32–59%) of half of the suberins examined (Quercus robur, Q. ilex, Q. suber, Fagus sylvatica, Castanea sativa, Betula pendula, Acer griseum, Fraxinus excelsior) where as ω-hydroxyalkanoic and α,ω-alkanedioic acids predominated in those that contained smaller quantities of such polar C18 monomers (Acer pseudoplatanus, Ribes nigrum, Euonymus alatus, Populus tremula, Solanum tuberosum, Sambucus nigra, Laburnum anagyroides, Cupressus leylandii). All species, however, contained substantial amounts (14–55 %) of ω-hydroxyalkanoic acids, the most common homologues being 18:1 (9) and 22: 0. The dominant α,ω-alkanedioic acid homologues were 16: 0 and 18: 1 (9) whereas 22: 0, 24: 0 and 26: 0, and 20: 0, 22: 0 and 24: 0 were usually the principal homologues in the 1-alkanol and alkanoic acid fractions, respectively. The most diagnostic feature of the suberins examined was the presence of monomers greater than C18 in chain length; most of the C16 and C18 monomers identified in the suberins also occur in plant cutins emphasizing the close chemical similarity between the two anatomical groups of lipid biopolymer. 相似文献